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Rollins College | Text

All De Live Long Day Program, 1934

All De Live Long Day, a program of African American folklore, music, and dance, was the second of two productions by Zora Neale Hurston to be performed on the Rollins campus during the 1930s.

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Rollins College | Image

Black Student Union, 1976-1977

(First row, left to right): Sharon Israel, Kim Broxton, Debbie Mitchell, Roslyn Lawson, Blondie Jones, Denise Brookins, Gloria Allen. (Second row, left to right): Victor Crawford, Clyde Clark, Thomas Francis, Gigi Morgan, Luther Graham, Rodney Akins, Kirk Twine. Fourteen Black Student Union members gather around a sofa for their yearbook picture. This is the fourth such yearbook photograph of Black Student Union members gathered for their student organization picture.

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W & L University | Text

Copy of Letter from Homer A. Holt to T. Justin Moore (November 8, 1955)

This copy of a letter from trustee Homer A. Holt to T. Justin Moore was sent to Washington and Lee President Francis P. Gaines. In the letter, Holt explains that Gaines is getting in contact with other southern schools to battle the admissions policy of the Association of American Law Schools. Acknowledgement from Gaines' secretary is included.

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W & L University | Text

Forwarded Correspondence from Fred C. Cole to J. Morrison Hutcheson (August 1964)

This correspondence documents President Fred C. Cole asking members of the Board of Trustees to approve a reply to a letter.

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W & L University | Text

Forwarded Correspondence from Homer A. Holt to Fred C. Cole

Trustee Homer A. Holt forwarded correspondence from Hutcheson and Morrison on the topic of integration to President Fred C. Cole.

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Furman University | Image

Furman Concert Choir

Joseph Vaughn '68 performing in the Furman Concert Choir. Vaughn became the university's first African American student on Jan. 29, 1965.

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Furman University | Image

Furman Concert Choir

The 1969-1970 Furman University Concert Choir. A member of the choir, Sarah Reese '71, can be seen at the far right in photo, third row. Reese enrolled at Furman in 1967 as one of the university's first African American women. Sarah Reese would later become a world-famous opera singer.

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Furman University | Image

Furman Concert Choir

The 1970-1971 Furman University Concert Choir. Members of the choir include: Sarah Reese '71, in the third row, far right, and Ronald (Rawn) Harbor '71, in the fourth row, far left. Reese and Harbor were some of Furman's first African American students.

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W & L University | Text

Headline for Admissions Story: "The Matter of Admissions....."

This draft of an article for the Alumni Magazine explains the Board of Trustees' movement towards integration. This draft differs from (and is more revealing than) the version published in the Fall 1964 edition of the Alumni Magazine.

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W & L University | Text

Headline for Admissions Story: "The Matter of Admissions....." (Draft)

In this draft for an article for The Alumni Magazine, Frank Parsons provides a complete account of the discussions which led up to the Board of Trustees' Reaffirmation of Faculty Authority over Admissions Standards. This reaffirmation essentially desegregated Washington and Lee.

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W & L University | Text

In Lee's Spirit

This editorial in the November 11th, 1964 Washington Post describes Washington and Lee's desegregation as being something Lee would have wanted, providing a look at the rhetoric of the time.

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W & L University | Text

Letter from David F. Cavers to Francis P. Gaines (Februrary 4, 1955)

In this letter, David F. Cavers (who is Chairman of the Special Committee on Racial Discriminination of the Association of American Law Schools) writes to Washington and Lee University President Francis P. Gaines, asking him to comply with the Association's recent action against racial discrimination.

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W & L University | Text

Letter from Francis P. Gaines to James R. Caskie (February 10, 1943)

In this letter from President Francis P. Gaines to Trustee James R. Caskie, Gaines and Caskie discuss the public's perception of the possibility of Black students being present on Washington and Lee's campus through the U.S. Army School.

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W & L University | Text

Letter from Fred C. Cole to J. Morrison Hutcheson (October 21, 1964)

In this letter, President Fred C. Cole asks Trustee J. Morrison Hutcheson to provide an interview explaining the admissions decision to the Ring-Tum Phi.

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W & L University | Text

Letter from Fred C. Cole to J. Morrison Hutcheson (October 8, 1964)

This letter from President Fred C. Cole to Trustee J. Morrison Hutcheson asks Morrison to approve a statement on the admissions policy for student Ring-Tum Phi reporters.

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W & L University | Text

Letter from George Mercke, Jr. and Charles D. Mercke to J. Morrison Hutcheson (July 7, 1964)

This letter from two Washington and Lee Alumni (George and Charles Mercke) to Trustee Hutcheson expresses the alumni's disbelief at Washington and Lee considering integration.

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W & L University | Text

Letter from Homer A. Holt to Fred C. Cole (August 17, 1964)

In this letter, trustee Homer A. Holt provides guidance on clarifying the admissions decision to President Fred C. Cole.

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W & L University | Text

Letter from J. Morrison Hutcheson to Francis P. Gaines (March 18, 1954)

This letter from Trustee J. Morrison Hutcheson to President Francis P. Gaines expresses Hutcheson's sentiment on desegregation.

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W & L University | Text

Memorandum from Frank A. Parsons to Fred C. Cole: Sequence of Developments in the Handling of the Admissions Announcement by the Press

This memorandum outlines the process through which the story of the admissions decision went from an article in the Ring-Tum Phi to national news.

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W & L University | Text

Personal and Confidential Letter from Francis P. Gaines to James R. Caskie and Homer A. Holt (Februrary 28, 1956)

In this letter, Washington and Lee President Francis P. Gaines writes to trustees James R. Caskie and Homer A. Holt about the possibility of black law students attending a convention at Washington and Lee. Caskie and Holt's responses are included.

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Furman University | Image

Sarah Reese performing

Sarah Reese, in her Junior year at Furman, singing from the musical 'Porgy and Bess' as entertainment for the annual Knight's Night, during Homecoming week festivities. Reese enrolled at Furman in 1967 as one of the university's first African American women. Sarah Reese would later become a world-famous opera singer.

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W & L University | Text

Series of Letters from Deans of Southern Law Schools

In this series of letters, Washington and Lee Trustees and President Gaines correspond with Deans of other Southern Law Schools. Their goal is to align a group of schools to protest the Association of American Law Schools' policy on desegregation of admissions.

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